Production and efficiency advancement of functional biochar from lignocellulosic waste to remove antibiotic contamination for waste water remediation: A review

The high level utility, global consumption and evolving multidrug resistance practice in microorganism has increased antibiotics originated pollution in water and environmental surroundings. Therefore, on urgent alert of these pollutants remediation, several approaches are being tried worldwide in which use to biochar can be a potential alternative solution. Because of broad surface area and multifunctional activated group adsorption of antibiotics on the surface of biochar. However, sustainable production, fabrication and activation of biochar is important for economic remediation of this kind of global pollutant. Lignoccellulosic biomass waste is the potential initial feedstock to fabricate sustainable biochar with engineering enhancement of functional activation with different metals, and nanocomposite groups. Therefore, the present review is focused to explore lignocellulosic waste initial precursor to fabricate biochar and its sustainable and efficient application in removal of antibiotics from waste water contaminants and antimicrobial activity of biochar. Additionally, the review also unwinds the activation engineering advancement of the biochar to enhance its efficiency.