TY - JOUR
T1 - Is greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet related to higher health-related quality of life among children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - López-Gil, José Francisco
AU - Victoria-Montesinos, Desirée
AU - García-Hermoso, Antonio
AU - López-Moreno, Miguel
AU - Ezzatvar, Yasmin
AU - Gutiérrez-Espinoza, Héctor
AU - Quesada-Fernández, Gonzalo
AU - Stubbs, Brendon
AU - Smith, Lee
AU - Kales, Stefanos N.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
PY - 2025/8
Y1 - 2025/8
N2 - Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been linked to better physical and mental health outcomes. However, its relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents has not been quantitatively assessed. To examine the association between adherence to the MedDiet and HRQoL in children and adolescents through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception through November 1, 2024. Observational studies assessing the association between MedDiet adherence and HRQoL in participants aged ≤ 19 years. Only studies using validated tools for both exposure and outcome were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tool. A random-effects model with a restricted maximum likelihood estimator was applied. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The primary outcome was the Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r) between MedDiet adherence and HRQoL. Twenty-four studies (n = 28,692; weighted mean age = 12.6 years) from ten countries were included. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with better HRQoL (r = 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13 to 0.30; p < 0.001), although effect sizes were modest and heterogeneity was high (inconsistency index [I2] = 99.8%). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings across HRQoL domains (e.g., physical, emotional, school-related). Studies with unadjusted models reported stronger associations than those with covariate-adjusted models. Conclusions: Greater adherence to the MedDiet is modestly associated with higher HRQoL in children and adolescents. These findings support dietary interventions as a component of youth well-being strategies, although further longitudinal and interventional research is needed. (Table presented.)
AB - Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been linked to better physical and mental health outcomes. However, its relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents has not been quantitatively assessed. To examine the association between adherence to the MedDiet and HRQoL in children and adolescents through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception through November 1, 2024. Observational studies assessing the association between MedDiet adherence and HRQoL in participants aged ≤ 19 years. Only studies using validated tools for both exposure and outcome were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tool. A random-effects model with a restricted maximum likelihood estimator was applied. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The primary outcome was the Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r) between MedDiet adherence and HRQoL. Twenty-four studies (n = 28,692; weighted mean age = 12.6 years) from ten countries were included. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with better HRQoL (r = 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13 to 0.30; p < 0.001), although effect sizes were modest and heterogeneity was high (inconsistency index [I2] = 99.8%). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings across HRQoL domains (e.g., physical, emotional, school-related). Studies with unadjusted models reported stronger associations than those with covariate-adjusted models. Conclusions: Greater adherence to the MedDiet is modestly associated with higher HRQoL in children and adolescents. These findings support dietary interventions as a component of youth well-being strategies, although further longitudinal and interventional research is needed. (Table presented.)
KW - Diet
KW - Dietary patterns
KW - Eating healthy
KW - Preschoolers
KW - Quality of life
KW - Well-being
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105011396186
U2 - 10.1007/s00431-025-06298-z
DO - 10.1007/s00431-025-06298-z
M3 - Artículo de revisión
C2 - 40705083
AN - SCOPUS:105011396186
SN - 0340-6199
VL - 184
JO - European Journal of Pediatrics
JF - European Journal of Pediatrics
IS - 8
M1 - 498
ER -
