Disaggregated impact of natural resources rents on the ecological footprint: new evidence from more polluting countries

Many studies have investigated the overall impact of income generated from natural resources on the ecological footprint. However, there is a lack of literature that specifically analyzes the individual contributions of this variable to environmental degradation. To address this gap, this article focuses on examining the relationship between the ecological footprint and income derived from natural gas, oil, and mineral resources. The study utilizes data from 24 countries that have had a significant impact on their ecological footprint between the years 1984 and 2016. By employing advanced cointegration and non-causality techniques for panel data analysis, the research reveals that oil rents have a more pronounced effect on the environmental footprint compared to mineral and natural gas rents. The paper concludes by discussing the important implications of these findings for public policy.