TY - JOUR
T1 - Determinants of municipal solid waste
T2 - a global analysis by countries’ income level
AU - Zambrano-Monserrate, Manuel A.
AU - Ruano, Maria Alejandra
AU - Ormeño-Candelario, Vanessa
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2021/11
Y1 - 2021/11
N2 - The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is an environmental problem worldwide. A high rate of MSW produces pollution and diseases and affects the economic development of countries. This study analyzes the effect that GDP, population density, urbanization, and tourists’ flow have on the generation of MSW in 173 countries worldwide. We grouped countries according to their income levels to control for heterogeneity between regions. The results show that, during 2016, solid waste generation increased along with GDP increments, mainly in high-income countries. We show that the increase in MSW is also due to the rise in population and urbanization. Tourism also has a positive and significant impact on the generation of waste. Our results allow us to recommend some public policy actions.
AB - The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is an environmental problem worldwide. A high rate of MSW produces pollution and diseases and affects the economic development of countries. This study analyzes the effect that GDP, population density, urbanization, and tourists’ flow have on the generation of MSW in 173 countries worldwide. We grouped countries according to their income levels to control for heterogeneity between regions. The results show that, during 2016, solid waste generation increased along with GDP increments, mainly in high-income countries. We show that the increase in MSW is also due to the rise in population and urbanization. Tourism also has a positive and significant impact on the generation of waste. Our results allow us to recommend some public policy actions.
KW - Income level
KW - Municipal solid waste (MSW)
KW - Population
KW - Tourists’ flow
KW - Urban density
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85118881140
U2 - 10.1007/s11356-021-15167-9
DO - 10.1007/s11356-021-15167-9
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 34196869
AN - SCOPUS:85118881140
SN - 0944-1344
VL - 28
SP - 62421
EP - 62430
JO - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
IS - 44
ER -
