TY - JOUR
T1 - Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells
AU - dos Santos, Jailson Rodrigues
AU - de Sousa Soares, Larissa
AU - Soares, Bruno Moreira
AU - de Gomes Farias, Marlene
AU - de Oliveira, Victor Alves
AU - de Sousa, Natan Antônio Batista
AU - Negreiros, Helber Alves
AU - da Silva, Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro
AU - Peron, Ana Paula
AU - Pacheco, Ana Carolina Landim
AU - Marques, Márcia Maria Mendes
AU - Gonçalves, Juan Carlos Ramos
AU - Montenegro, Raquel Carvalho
AU - Islam, Muhammad Torequl
AU - Sharifi-Rad, Javad
AU - Mubarak, Mohammad S.
AU - de Melo Cavalcante, Ana Amélia Carvalho
AU - de Castro e Sousa, João Marcelo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Background: Among the food additives used in the food industry, food dyes are considered the most toxic. For instance, tartrazine (TRZ) is a food colorant commercially available with conflicting data regarding its cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of TRZ using different eukaryotic cells (in vitro). Methods: This study employed 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), brine shrimp lethality, Allium cepa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae tests. Different concentrations of TRZ and different exposure times were used in this study. Results: The results demonstrate that TRZ induced a concentration-dependent toxic effect on the test systems. It also exerted cytotoxicity in fibroblasts and human gastric cells. In addition, TRZ showed mutagenic effects on the A. cepa test system. However, its toxicogenic effects may not relate to the oxidizing activity, which was confirmed by the S. cerevisiae test model. Conclusion: Taken together, TRZ exerted toxicogenic effects on the test systems. Therefore, it may be harmful to health, especially its prolonged use may trigger carcinogenesis.
AB - Background: Among the food additives used in the food industry, food dyes are considered the most toxic. For instance, tartrazine (TRZ) is a food colorant commercially available with conflicting data regarding its cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of TRZ using different eukaryotic cells (in vitro). Methods: This study employed 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), brine shrimp lethality, Allium cepa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae tests. Different concentrations of TRZ and different exposure times were used in this study. Results: The results demonstrate that TRZ induced a concentration-dependent toxic effect on the test systems. It also exerted cytotoxicity in fibroblasts and human gastric cells. In addition, TRZ showed mutagenic effects on the A. cepa test system. However, its toxicogenic effects may not relate to the oxidizing activity, which was confirmed by the S. cerevisiae test model. Conclusion: Taken together, TRZ exerted toxicogenic effects on the test systems. Therefore, it may be harmful to health, especially its prolonged use may trigger carcinogenesis.
KW - Allium cepa
KW - Artemia salina
KW - Carcinogenesis
KW - Cell line
KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
KW - Tartrazine
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85144636402
U2 - 10.1186/s40360-022-00638-7
DO - 10.1186/s40360-022-00638-7
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 36564854
AN - SCOPUS:85144636402
SN - 2050-6511
VL - 23
JO - BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology
JF - BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology
IS - 1
M1 - 95
ER -
