Chagas disease in pregnancy: A non-endemic problem in a globalized world

Background: Chagas disease, caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi infection, is an endemic cause of morbidity and mortality in Latin America. Infection during pregnancy may increase the risk for adverse maternal-foetal outcome. Methods: Review of significant articles regarding maternal-foetal T. cruzi infection in free-vector non-endemic regions. Results: Vertical transmission, even in vector-free world regions, occurs in 1 out of 20 seropositive mothers. T. cruzi infection increases the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth and neonatal infection which may cause infant death or severe sequelae. Prevention of T. cruzi vertical transmission is not feasible, although early diagnosis allows appropriate treatment of newborns with a 100% efficacy. The present document will recall the importance of T. cruzi mother-to-child transmission and maternal-foetal consequences in non-endemic areas. Conclusion: It is highly recommended that infected pregnant women in non-endemic regions be accurately assessed.