Arterial stiffness and total cerebral small vessel disease score in community-dwelling older adults: Results from the Atahualpa Project

Information on the association between arterial stiffness and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is limited and confined to white and Asian populations. More regional information is needed to confirm this association in different ethnic groups. Using the Atahualpa Project cohort, we aimed to assess whether the aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is associated with the total cSVD score, as well as with each of the neuroimaging signatures of cSVD, in a population of Amerindians living in rural Ecuador. Atahualpa residents aged ⩾ 60 years were offered a brain magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI) and aortic PWV determination. An ordinal logistic regression model, adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors, was constructed to predict the total cSVD score by levels of aortic PWV. The association between the neuroimaging signatures of cSVD and the aortic PWV was assessed by adjusted logistic regression models. Of 437 candidates, 303 (69%) underwent a brain MRI and aortic PWV determinations. The total cSVD score was 0 points in 65% of individuals, 1 point in 18%, 2 points in 11%, and 3–4 points in 6%. The mean aortic PWV was 10.4 ± 1.8 m/s, which increased from 9.8 ± 1.2 to 12.3 ± 1.8 m/s in individuals with a cSVD score of 0 and 3–4, respectively (p < 0.001). An ordinal logistic regression model showed significant association between the PWV and the cSVD score. A change of one unit of the aortic PWV increased the odds of having a higher total cSVD score by 1.73 (95% CI: 1.28–2.35; p < 0.001). In addition, individual neuroimaging signatures of cSVD, with the exception of lacunar infarcts, were associated with the aortic PWV. This study shows a significant association between the aortic PWV and total cSVD score and most of its individual components in older Amerindians.