An Easy and Single-Step Biosynthesis of WO₃ with High Photocatalytic Degradation Activity for Dye Degradation

In the present study, a photodegradation technique was employed for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using a tungsten oxide-based photocatalyst. The photocatalyst was synthesized via a green synthesis route utilizing a plant extract (PE) under acidic conditions. The synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques that confirmed the presence of various functional groups on the catalyst surface and revealed a narrow bandgap of ~3.0 eV. The synthesized particles exhibited a nanoscale dimension ranging from 10 to 15 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the material was evaluated under ultraviolet light, visible light, and sunlight irradiation, demonstrating the efficient degradation of methylene blue under all light sources. Furthermore, catalysis reusability studies indicated excellent stability, with consistent photocatalytic performance observed after five successive cycles.